Claudius 2 - Gothicus

Augustus 268-270


Marcus Aurelius Claudius was part of the Illirian cabal the plotted the murder of the emperor Gallienus, along with another future emperor, Aurelian. After the murder he was hailed as the new emperor on 24 March 268. Due to the propaganda need to demonize the previous regime, Claudius was regarded as a hero, and was remembered as such even to the reign of Constantine - in fact, Constantine even claimed Claudius was an ancestor. Many modern historians are also guilty of blindly following ancient propaganda, rather than looking at the events themselves.

Claudius was an excptional military man, and rose to the highest ranks of the army eventually serving as deputy commander and chief-of-staff under Gallienus. His primary achievements as emperor were continuing the consolidation efforts of Gallienus which were later completed by Aurelian. He also retained the military reformations, such as the strategic cavalry corps created by Gallienus which had proved to be such an asset. However, it was during his reign that Queen Zenobia revolted against the Romans, and Syria, Asia Minor, and Egypt were lost to the Romans under the Palmyrene Secessionist Empire until 272, when they were reconquered under the emperor Aurelian.

During his reign his primary battles were fought against various Gothic tribes, for which the senate named him "Gothicus". He died from the plague in Sirmium in January of 270. His coins are usually fairly easy to spot by the head: He normally is shown with a very pointed chin, and short straight hair.

AE Antoninianus
Obv:IMP CLAVDIVS PF AVG - Draped and cuirassed bust right wearing a radiate crown.
Rev:VIRTVS AVG - Mars walking right carrying a spear and a trophy.
Ex: P
VM.40
AE Antoninianus minted in Cyzicus 269-270
Obv:IMP CLAVIVS PF AVG - Bust right wearing a radiate crown.
Rev:VICTORIAE GOTHIC - Trophy of arms between seated captives.
The type celebrates Claudius' victory over the Goths at Naissus, for which the senate awarded him the "Gothicus" title. Note also the missing "D" in his name on the obverse. Oops! Now in the collection of Finn Johannessen, a specialist in the coins of Claudius II.
VM.38sim, RIC5.251sim
AE Antoninianus
Obv:IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG - Draped and cuirassed bust right wearing a radiate crown.
Rev:CONSER AVG - Serapis standing facing holding a scepter.
Ex: G
A much more rounded head than usually seen on Claudius' coins.
VM.6, SR.3198, RIC.201


AE Antoninianus, posthumous
Obv:DIVO CLAVDIO - Bare bust right wearing a radiate crown.
Rev:CONSACRATIO - Altar with flame at top.
Ex: S,T, or blank.
A frequently encountered type, with a wide variety of styles. These began to be issued when Claudius was deified under the next emperor, his brother Quintillus. However, these seem too frequently encountered to have all been made during Quintillus' brief reign, and it's quite likely that the series continued under Aurelian. In addition, evidence of Claudius as a folk hero can be seen in the Gallic irregular or "barbaric" coins, from this area that he never ruled. The second coin above is probably an example of this.
VM.44/1v, SR.3228v

AE Follis, posthumously minted in Siscia
Obv:DIVO CLAVDIO OPTIMO IMP - Veiled and laureate bust right.
Rev:REQVIES OPTIMORVM MERITORVM - Claudius seated left on a curule chair.
Ex: SIS
A commemorative issued by Constantine I, who claimed descent from Claudius.
VM.-, RIC5.299

Quintillus

Augustus early 270

The younger brother of Claudius, Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus was also a military commander. He was elevated as Augustus by the senate upon the death of his brother and seemed to have briefly ruled unchallenged. In April the highly popular general Aurelian staged a revolt in their homeland of Illyricum, and armies across the empire joined to his cause. Seeing the futility of fighting against this Quintillus took his own life soon afterwards.

The coins mostly follow the pattern of Claudius and have the pointed chin which must have been a family trait, but can be differentiated by the curly hair. Some ancient historians claim that he only ruled for 17 days, though this seems unlikely based on the numbers of his coins. Though uncommon, his coins are still fairly easy to acquire. A rule of a couple of months would seem the minimum.

Silvered Antoninianus minted in Rome
Obv:IMP C M AVR CL QVINTILLVS AVG - Draped and cuirassed bust right wearing a radiate crown.
Rev:VIRTVS AVG - Soldier standing left leaning on a shield and holding a spear. B in right field.
VM.17, SR.983, RIC5.35



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The Coins of Claudius Gothicus & Quintillus
last modified: 7 Mar 2006