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(and apparently disco) |
The hippocamp is a mythical beast consisting of the foreparts of a horse and the sea-serpent tail. They were the chariot-beasts of Neptune. The capricorn is easily distinguished from the hippocamp - the capricorn is half goat and half fish, and therefore usually has a straight fish tail as well as horns. I'm not sure what it's connection to Neptune is, other than the fact that it was another sea animal.
A similar beast is depicted on the Mercury coins. This is often referred to as a hippocamp, but is more correctly the "Criocamp", or Egyptian sea-ram. The rams' horns on the head are the easiest way to tell them apart, if the legend can't be read.
| Type | Legend | Obverse | Cunetio | Göbl |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hippocamp right | GALLIENUS AVG | head | 146 | 96 |
| Hippocamp right | GALLIENUS AVG | cuir bust | 41 | 32 |
| Hippocamp left | GALLIENUS AVG | head | 4 | |
| Capricorn right | GALLIENUS AVG | head | 3 | 21 |
In the Cunetio Hoard 192 (98%) of the Neptune coins showed the hippocamp, while only 3 (2%) showed the capricorn.
The capricorn is not traditionally associated with Neptune/Poseidon, but being half fish the connection is obvious. The capricorn on these coins is most often shown with a straight tail, but occasionally examples with a slightly curved tail are found. This coin type is fairly rare, and is seldom seen up for auction. The capricorn was also the astrological sign of Julius Caesar, and as such was seen on some coins of Augustus.
Obv: GALLIENVSAVG - Head right with radiate crown.
Obv: GALLIENVSAVG - Head right with radiate crown.In spite of the relatively low numbers of the hippocamp coins found in the Cunetio hoard, the right-facing hippocamp coin is easily and affordably available, in all grades. The variety in engraving styles found in these coins can be fascinating to examine - I've tried to display a nice cross-section of different types. The curve of the tail, as well as number and placement of fins, varies from coin to coin.
Obv: GALLIENVSAVG - Cuirassed right with radiate crown.
Obv: [G]AL[LIE]NVSAVG - Cuirassed right with radiate crown.
Obv: GALLIENVSAVG - Head right with radiate crown.The left-facing hippocamp appears to be excedingly rare, with not a single example found in the Cunetio hoard. There is also no mention of it in most references, with the exception of Van Meter. No picture of this coin type was shown in Van Meter, so it's unknown if he had actually seen one, or if a reference to it was found in another catalogue. These don't appear to be misengraved barbaric copies, as the style and lettering are right for the period. Also, the lettering isn't reversed, indicating the the engraver faced the hippocamp left deliberately.
Obv: GALLIENVSAVG - Head right with radiate crown.
Obv: GALLIENVSAVG - Head right with radiate crown.
If you have an comments, questions, or corrections, please email me.
All coins from the author's collection. Not a commercial site, these coins are not for sale.